Recovering from gastric bypass (bariatric) surgery
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Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery is a technique used to help patients deal with issues relating to weight, obesity and related conditions. This article explores what patients can expect when recovering from gastric bypass surgery including recovery times, side-effects and what is involved in the procedure.
Areas of expertise
Every year, around 200,000 people in the United States elect to have gastric bypass surgery. This type of surgery uses several different methods and procedures to help patients control issues with weight, appetite and eating. These surgical techniques are collectively known as bariatric surgery. In this article we'll explore what patients can expect when they are recovering from gastric bypass surgery.
The intent behind gastric bypass and other bariatric surgery is to reduce the ability of the stomach to accept food, normally by reducing the size of the stomach. Various surgical techniques have been developed to accomplish this, but the most common type of bariatric surgery works as follows:
The surgeon creates a small pouch in the stomach that limits the amount of food a patient can eat.
A larger part of the stomach is partitioned to prevent food being digested there.
The gastrointestinal tract is connected to the new part of the stomach.
Following the surgery, the typical recovery of patients is as follows:
Patients spend two to five days in hospital.
They will be able to get up and walk around after a couple of days.
They will be able to return to light work and activities after three to four weeks.
They will be able to return to normal work and activities after around four to six weeks.
Complete recovery in two to four months.
If a patient has had laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery for their gastric bypass, recovery times and the trauma of recovery are significantly lessened. A patient can speed their recovery by performing gentle exercises and other activities, following consultation with a doctor or other specialist.
Typical effects from the surgery include:
Discomfort and pain from the surgery.
Significant changes in appetite.
Nausea and other feelings of being unwell.
Insomnia and tiredness.
Weakness.
Mood swings and changes to emotional state.
Changes to the digestive system.
Gastric bypass surgery is very effective at treating issues with eating, appetite and weight control. Significant reductions in a person's weight and associated medical conditions are normal for the majority of patients.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Recovery after appendectomy surgery for appendicitis (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on recovering after surgery for appendicitis, known as an appendectomy.
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If a patient has signs of appendicitis or a similar condition, an appendectomy will be needed to remove the appendix. Appendectomy surgery is a straightforward procedure, and in this article we'll explore the two main methods of surgery, recovery times and what the patient can expect from the operation.
Areas of expertise
An appendectomy is surgery carried out to remove a blocked, inflamed or otherwise damaged appendix. This type of surgery is necessary if a patient has or is likely to develop appendicitis. The procedure is often performed at short notice as emergency surgery to prevent more dangerous problems from occurring. In this article we'll explore the typical recovery process from appendectomy surgery.
The appendix is a small organ attached to the large intestine, though its function is still poorly understood. Appendicitis is a relatively common condition that happens when the appendix becomes inflamed or blocked. If left untreated, the appendix can burst, creating potentially life-threatening issues for the patient due to the risk of internal infection. Because of this, if appendicitis is diagnosed, the appendix needs to be removed.
There are two types of surgery that can be used to remove an appendix:
Open surgery - This is where the surgeon will make a two to three inch incision in the patient's abdomen. They will then find the appendix, remove it and suture the internal and external wound.
Laparoscopic or keyhole surgery - The surgeon will make several small incisions in the abdomen and insert a camera and some very fine surgical instruments attached to tubes. They will then use the camera to locate the appendix and use the instruments to remove it and suture the wound.
Keyhole surgery is generally much less traumatic for the patient and can sometimes even be completed without the patient requiring an overnight stay. Recovery times vary depending on the type of surgery performed.
Open surgery
The patient will normally require a hospital stay of two to three days following the operation.
They will be able to get up and move around after one to two days.
They will experience discomfort for several weeks following the operation.
They will be able to return to light activities and gentle work after three to four weeks.
They will be able to return to normal activities after four to six weeks.
Keyhole surgery
The patient will sometimes need to stay in the hospital overnight but may have the procedure as an outpatient.
They will be able to get up and move around after eight to twelve hours.
They will experience discomfort for a couple of weeks following the operation.
They will be able to return to light activities and gentle work after a couple of weeks.
They will be able to return to normal activities after two to four weeks.
If you suspect that you may be suffering from appendicitis or have significant abdominal pain, it is essential to see a doctor as soon as possible. An appendectomy is a straightforward procedure and early diagnosis and treatment will mean that you will make a full recovery.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Rhabdomyolysis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on rhabdomyolysis, including what causes the condition, its symptoms, and how it can be treated effectively.
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About this content
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition that occurs when muscle fibers break down, releasing toxic substances into the bloodstream. These substances can cause damage to the kidneys, leading to renal failure. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment of rhabdomyolysis, including what patients can expect from their recovery.
Areas of expertise
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition caused when muscle fibers break down rapidly and produce chemicals that enter the bloodstream. This can be dangerous as some of these substances, especially proteins, can be damaging to the kidneys. When the kidneys filter the blood, the substances from the muscle breakdown can cause renal failure which can be extremely serious and requires immediate medical attention.
Causes of rhabdomyolysis
There are several factors that can cause this condition, including:
Diseases of the muscular system.
Intense straining of the muscles, e.g. after exercise.
Crushing injuries, e.g. being trapped underneath a falling object.
Physical abuse or violence.
Some recreational drugs or prescription drugs, e.g. statins.
Overuse of alcohol.
Electric shocks, burns, and other significant physical trauma.
Heat stroke or high body temperature.
Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis
The symptoms of this condition vary according to how severe it is and whether it has caused renal failure or not. Symptoms can include:
Pain, tenderness, and swelling of the muscles.
Nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness.
Dark-colored urine.
Decreased or absent urine production.
A blood test can definitively diagnose rhabdomyolysis.
Treatment of rhabdomyolysis
If a person is suffering from these symptoms, it is vital that they be diagnosed and treated urgently. Treatment focuses on preventing further renal damage, helping renal function recover, and reducing the impact of shock or other complications on the patient. Typical treatments include:
Intravenous fluids to maintain a regular flow of liquid to the kidneys and renal system, typically between 6 to 12 liters over a 24-hour period.
Flushing out the kidneys to remove the muscle matter and other chemicals.
Correction of electrolyte levels and other abnormal chemicals in the blood such as potassium. This can be achieved with a variety of medications including calcium and insulin.
Renal replacement therapy such as dialysis.
Recovery from rhabdomyolysis
Provided that the condition is diagnosed early and treatment is started immediately, most patients will make a complete recovery from the condition, so long as renal failure does not occur. Renal failure adds significant complications and can reduce the chances of a full recovery and greatly increase recovery times.
In closing
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition. With the proper level of medical care and treatment, patients can make a recovery over a period of one to three months, assuming that renal failure has not occurred. If renal failure has occurred, damage to the kidneys could be permanent, requiring dialysis and other treatment over the long term.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Gallbladder keyhole surgery: How it works and recovery (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on gallstones and how they can be dealt with by using gallbladder keyhole surgery.
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Keyhole surgery to remove a gallbladder is a common surgical procedure, designed to minimize the discomfort and risks to a patient and is often needed if other options to deal with gallstones have been exhausted. In this article we'll explore what happens during the procedure and what a patient can expect as they recover.
Areas of expertise
Gallbladder Keyhole Surgery - How it Works and Recovery
Gallstones can be a relatively common problem in older men and women. Although they do not always present with symptoms and are often treatable without surgery, sometimes more drastic intervention is required. In these cases, the gallbladder will need to be removed and the least traumatic way of doing this is through keyhole surgery.
How keyhole surgery works
Keyhole surgery to remove the gallbladder is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy and works as follows:
The patient is anesthetized.
Small incisions are made in a patient's abdomen by a surgeon.
Plastic tubes called ports are inserted into these incisions.
A camera and various surgical instruments are inserted through the ports into the patient's abdomen.
The surgeon uses the camera to locate the gallbladder.
They then use the other instruments to remove it and internally suture the site.
They remove the camera and instruments and suture the incisions.
The patient is moved to a recovery room to wake up.
This type of surgery is designed to cause the minimum amount of pain, discomfort, risk or complications for the patient.
Advantages of keyhole gallbladder surgery
The advantages of this type of surgery are:
Less pain following the operation.
Minimal internal and external scarring.
Faster postoperative recovery.
Less risk of complications from infections, blood loss or other factors (less than a 2% risk).
A shorter stay in the hospital.
Recovering from keyhole gallbladder surgery
Patients can have this type of surgery as part of a very short hospital stay of one or two days.
They can expect to be sore after the operation for around a week (compared to three to six weeks for traditional, open surgery).
Patients should be able to return to light work and other mild activity after about a week.
Patients should be able to return to normal activities in about two to four weeks.
In closing
Keyhole gallbladder surgery is the least invasive way to remove the gallbladder and may be recommended if a patient suffers from significant pain or other issues due to gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a straightforward procedure and patients will normally be able to leave hospital in a day or two and make a full recovery in less than a month.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Angioplasty: What's involved, recovery, lifestyle changes (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on angioplasty, a lifesaving technique that removes deposits from the walls of blood vessels.
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Angioplasty is surgery carried out to reduce or remove fatty deposits on the inner walls of veins or arteries. Left untreated, these deposits can cause blockages, resulting in a heart attack, stroke, or other life-threatening condition. Fortunately, angioplasty is a relatively straightforward procedure. In this article we look what it involves, recovery from the surgery, and longer-term lifestyle changes to reduce a patient's risk factors.
Areas of expertise
Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that is carried out to clear blockages or the possibility of blockages from veins or arteries. Blockages can occur because fatty deposits including cholesterol or other plaques can build up on the inside walls of a blood vessel. If left untreated, this can result in a heart attack, stroke, or other life-threatening medical condition. Because of this, angioplasty is often required very urgently.
How angioplasty surgery is performed
Surgery is carried out as follows:
An incision is made in a patient's body.
A very thin tube with a deflated balloon on the end is inserted into the affected vein or artery.
The surgeon locates the area where there is a thickening of the artery walls, normally via a camera.
The balloon is inserted into this area, between the walls of the blood vessel.
Water is forced into the balloon, inflating it.
The pressure of the balloon on the fatty deposits compresses them against the sides of the blood vessel, making it easier for blood to flow.
The balloon is deflated and removed.
Optionally, a stent may be inserted into the vein or artery; this can be used if there is a risk of future collapse or blockage of the affected site.
The incision is sutured.
Recovering from angioplasty surgery
Following the operation, the patient will be moved to a specialist medical care unit where they can be observed. They will probably need to stay there a few hours or overnight and will need to lay still to give the blood vessel time to heal properly.
After another few hours, the patient will be allowed to move around slowly and assuming that there are no further complications will be discharged from the hospital.
A patient will receive a list of instructions from their doctor on what they need to do when they get home. This will include information on appropriate exercises, medication, looking for signs of infection, and when to follow-up with a doctor.
Recovery times vary from person to person. Most patients will make a fairly rapid recovery and will be able to return to light work within about a week of leaving the hospital.
Most patients will make a full recovery within about two to four weeks of the operation.
Longer-term lifestyle changes
Patients should also make longer-term lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future plaque building up in their veins or arteries:
Exercise regularly.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Eat a balanced, nutritious diet.
Avoid foods that are high in fat or overly processed.
Regularly monitor cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Keep blood pressure and cholesterol levels down.
Not smoking.
These lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and will promote a longer and healthier life.
In closing
Although angioplasty is often an emergency medical treatment, patients should make a full and rapid recovery following the procedure. Combining recovery from the surgery with changes to lifestyle will help ensure that patients can continue to enjoy their lives.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Radiation pneumonitis: Symptoms, facts, treatment, and recovery
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on radiation pneumonitis, an inflammation of the lungs that can occur following radiotherapy of the chest area for cancer.
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Radiation pneumonitis is an inflammation of the lungs that can occur following radiotherapy of the chest area for cancer. In this article, we explore how and why radiation pneumonitis occurs, the symptoms of the condition, how it can be treated and other useful facts for sufferers.
Areas of expertise
Radiation pneumonitis is a type of radiation-induced lung injury, which can result from radiation treatment (radiotherapy) of the chest area. Radiation treatment is used to reduce and eliminate cancer tumors in the chest, breast, lungs or other organs.
Because radiation also affects normal cells as well as cancerous ones, the normal cells can become inflamed. When this happens to cells in the lungs, they can produce fluid which leads to radiation pneumonitis. This condition does not often present while a patient is receiving radiotherapy, but typically manifests a few weeks or several months after the radiotherapy is completed.
Patients with radiation pneumonitis may not feel unwell or show any outward symptoms, and the pneumonitis is often diagnosed by chest x-rays taken to identify if the cancer has been removed.
Symptoms of radiation pneumonitis
Symptoms of the condition typically include:
Shortness of breath, especially after physical activity.
Difficulty breathing or pain in the chest area.
Fever and raised temperature.
Coughing.
Other facts about radiation pneumonitis
The condition occurs in around 5% to 15% of patients who have radiation treatment of the chest area.
Radiation pneumonitis is most common after treatment for lung cancer, although it can also present following radiotherapy for lymphomas, breast cancer or other thoracic cancers.
It is often identified by an increase in white blood cell count.
Symptoms could occur as much as one to six months following radiotherapy.
The likelihood and severity of the condition depends partly on the amount of radiation used and the areas affected by the initial radiotherapy treatment.
Provided radiation pneumonitis is diagnosed and treated quickly, most patients will fully recover from the condition.
Symptoms normally arise between one and six months after the completion of radiation therapy, depending on the strength (dosage) of radiation therapy used and how widespread the treatment was. As long as radiation pneumonitis is treated quickly, most people can make a full recovery with no long-term effects.
Treatment of radiation pneumonitis
The condition is treated through medication, normally steroids or other medications that reduce inflammation; this includes cortisone drugs such as prednisone. The condition can normally be treated effectively. If left untreated, the condition can develop into pulmonary fibrosis, which is a permanent scarring of the lungs. If this occurs, a patient's lung capacity can be severely diminished.
In closing
If you have had to undergo radiotherapy treatment, pay close attention to any possible symptoms of radiation pneumonitis. If you start to experience symptoms, speak to your specialist as soon as possible; with early diagnosis and treatment you can make a full recovery.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Effective treatments for gallstones (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on gallstones, a common medical problem, especially for people over the age of forty.
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About this content
Gallstones are a common medical problem, especially for people over the age of 40. Fortunately, there are a number of effective treatments that can treat gallstones. In this article, we'll explore what causes gallstones and find out about the available treatment options.
Areas of expertise
Gallstones are a relatively common medical complaint. They are caused by a buildup of substances in the gallbladder and can cause some pain and discomfort if left untreated. Fortunately, there are several effective ways to treat gallstones and in this article we'll explore the most common techniques.
What causes gallstones?
Bile is a substance naturally produced by the liver to aid digestion. Gallstones are the result of some of the substances in the bile forming together into clumps. These insoluble chemicals can include calcium, cholesterol and bilirubin.
These clumps, or gallstones, typically form in the gallbladder itself, just below the liver, although they can also form in the bile duct. The medical name for stones located in the gallbladder is cholecystolithiasis whereas the term for stones in the bile duct is choledocholithiasis.
How common are gallstones?
After the age of 40, gallstones become more common, with about a fifth of women and a tenth of men having the condition. Around 80% of people with gallstones may not even be aware that they have the condition as they will not feel any pain or have any other symptoms.
Fortunately, if gallstones do not cause discomfort, they do not need to be treated as they are otherwise harmless and will probably go away by themselves. If someone with gallstones does start to experience pain then they should see a doctor as the gallstones may need to be treated to avoid further complications.
What treatments are available for gallstones?
There are several techniques that can be used to treat gallstones.
Wait and see if the gallstones go away by themselves - Although having gallstones can be painful, they will often dissolve and go away by themselves in 30-50% of cases. In most of these cases, the patient will not have a recurrence, so no further treatment is needed. If it is a patient's first incident of gallstones, many doctors will choose not to do anything other than prescribe pain medication, preferring to see if the issue resolves itself.
Using a bile salt to dissolve the stones - Patients can take bile salt medications, typically the drug Actigall (ursodiol). In some cases, gallstones could take months or years to dissolve completely and recurrence of gallstones is common if the patient stops taking the drug.
Shock-wave therapy to dissolve the stones - A specialist can use dedicated equipment that produces sound-waves to break down and dissolve the gallstones.
Contact dissolution surgery - A surgeon will insert a tube through the abdomen, into the gallbladder. They can then inject a drug to dissolve the gallstones directly through the tube. This can break gallstones down quickly.
Removal of the gallbladder - If a person's gallstone problem is persistent and painful, or their gallstones cause other complications, a doctor may recommend surgery to remove the gallbladder. This is an extremely common procedure and although a person may need to make changes to their diet following the surgery, they can lead a full and healthy life without a gallbladder.
In closing
Gallstones and the symptoms they cause are very common. Fortunately, there are a number of well-developed techniques for dealing with them. If you suspect you may be suffering from gallstones, your doctor will be able to work with you to help you decide on the most effective treatment.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Popliteal aneurysm surgery: What it is, how it works, recovery (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on popliteal aneurysm surgery, a surgical procedure carried out on the artery that supplies blood to the leg.
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A popliteal aneurysm is caused due to a weakening of the walls of the popliteal artery which supplies blood to the legs. In this article, we explore what a popliteal aneurysm is, how it is diagnosed, what the surgery involves, likely recovery times and possible complications.
Areas of expertise
Popliteal aneurysm surgery or PAS is a surgical procedure carried out on the artery that supplies blood to the legs. In this article we'll explore what's involved in PAS, what you can expect, possible complications and expected recovery times.
What is a popliteal aneurysm?
A popliteal aneurysm occurs due to the weakening of the wall of the popliteal artery, which supplies blood to the thigh, knee and calf. When the artery wall weakens, this causes a bulge in the artery, known as an aneurysm. If left untreated, the aneurysm can burst, leaking blood into the surrounding leg tissue. This can become a life-threatening condition for several reasons:
Internal bleeding from the artery, resulting in significant blood loss and low blood pressure.
Blood not being supplied to the leg, meaning the limb is not receiving the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function.
Blood clots forming in the artery and surrounding areas; these blood clots can cause a blockage in the circulatory system or a stroke if they reach the brain.
For these reasons, surgery is an urgent requirement as soon as an aneurysm is detected.
How are popliteal aneurysms diagnosed?
A popliteal aneurysm may be detected during a routine exam by a doctor or occasionally as a result of localized pain or weakness in the leg, especially behind the knee or in the foot. If a doctor suspects a popliteal aneurysm, they will request an ultrasound exam of the affected area. This exam will confirm if there is an aneurysm or any blood clots.
How is popliteal aneurysm surgery performed?
PAS is normally a low-risk procedure and the repairs made during the surgery are often long-lasting and durable. During the procedure, a surgeon will:
Make an incision in the leg close to the site of the aneurysm.
Repair the aneurysm by using another section of a patient's vein or an artificial artery substitute; this is known as a bypass.
Ensure that blood is flowing correctly following the repair.
Suture the incision site.
What is the recovery time from this type of surgery?
Depending on the patient, recovery times can vary. Typical recovery times are:
A hospital stay of three to five days after the operation.
Walking with assistance after three to five days.
Removal of sutures or staples after seven to ten days.
Light walking activities and exercise after two to three weeks.
Normal walking activities and exercise after four to six weeks.
Are there likely to be any risks or complications as a result of PAS?
If the artery was completely blocked, recovery can be much more prolonged and could take several weeks to several months.
Recovery times can also be impacted by a patient's level of fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and several other factors.
Most patients will not need crutches as a result of the surgery.
In closing
If you believe that you may be suffering from a popliteal aneurysm, you should be examined by your doctor as soon as possible. Providing that it is identified and treated early, a popliteal aneurysm need not have any ongoing or long-term impact on a patient's quality of life.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on arthritis including the differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Illnesses that affect joints are known as rheumatic diseases and two of the most common are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this article we explore the main differences between the two conditions and how they can affect patients.
Areas of expertise
The range of illnesses that affect the limbs and joints are known as rheumatic diseases, and there are more than one hundred different types. Among these conditions, two of the most common are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Despite both being rheumatic diseases, they differ substantially from each other.
Rheumatoid arthritis
The specific cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known, although scientists believe it is caused when the immune system of the patient malfunctions and attacks their own body; this is known as an autoimmune disease. These attacks most often affect an individual's hands and feet and unlike most other forms of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis tends to attack both sides of the body at once, in a symmetrical fashion.
Osteoarthritis
This illness most often affects older people and is a degenerative joint condition. It occurs because the cartilage that cushions and protects the bones in the joints wears out, allowing the bones to rub together. This can cause substantial discomfort for the patient.
Other differences between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis include:
Rheumatoid arthritis could occur at any time in a person's life, whereas older people are the main age group that suffers from osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis slowly worsens over the course of several years, whereas rheumatoid arthritis can strike swiftly, over weeks and months.
Osteoarthritis makes joints tender with little swelling while rheumatoid arthritis aggravates joints, making them swollen, stiff and painful.
Rheumatoid arthritis can cause a person to feel generally unwell, whereas the symptoms of osteoarthritis are limited to the affected joints.
The cause of osteoarthritis is normally a joint wearing out due to repetitive stress and use of joints, or as the result of an accident or injury. It is believed that rheumatoid arthritis is generally caused by genetic predisposition and triggering events, although no specific cause has been found.
Osteoarthritis affects just over 20 million people in the United States, with rheumatoid arthritis affecting just over 2 million people.
In closing
If you believe that you may be suffering from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, it is vital that you see a doctor as soon as possible to get diagnosed and begin treatment. Identifying the disease early and starting on a medical plan is the most effective way to preserve your quality of life.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Side-effects of intravenous Solu-Medrol treatment (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of an article on Intravenous Solu-Medrol treatment, a medical procedure used to deal with several conditions and illnesses.
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Intravenous Solu-Medrol, or IVSM, is a medical procedure used to deal with several conditions and illnesses. Although IVSM can be effective in treating and managing certain conditions, its side effects can be challenging. In this article we look at what patients can expect as a result of IVSM treatment and provide suggestions and advice on how to deal with the side-effects.
Areas of expertise
Intravenous Solu-Medrol (IVSM) is a technique used to help sufferers of various illnesses, such as inflammation and allergies, manage their conditions. IVSM treatment involves injecting high doses of glucocorticoid steroids, specifically methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol®) via an intravenous line. IVSM is often used to treat acute flare-ups of certain conditions, and although it can be effective in helping sufferers deal with their illnesses, the side effects of the treatment itself can be difficult to deal with. In this article we'll explore some of the methods that patients can use to minimize and control the side effects and discomfort caused by IVSM.
Conditions treated by IVSM
Some of the conditions and illnesses that can be treated by IVSM include:
Blood disorders and diseases.
Cancers of various types.
Serious allergic reactions.
Some eye conditions.
Some diseases of the skin, intestines, lungs or kidneys.
Immune system disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
IVSM works by reducing the response of a patient's immune system to various diseases, resulting in a beneficial lessening of pain and swelling.
Managing the side effects of IVSM
The side effects from IVSM are many and varied and will be individual to the patient being treated. The following techniques can be used to minimize the problems and discomfort caused by IVSM.
Finding veins for an IV line - If your nurse is finding it difficult to locate a vein into which to insert an IV needle, make sure to drink plenty of fluids beforehand. Being well hydrated will make it easier to see a vein and insert an IV needle.
Dealing with headaches as a result of IVSM - If you regularly suffer with headaches due to IVSM, speak to your nurse about slowing down your IVSM treatment. For example, if you normally take your IVSM over 90 minutes, you might want to take it over two hours. This can reduce the likelihood of headaches.
Reducing anxiety - Using IVSM can cause patients to feel hyper-alert and anxious because of the stress that the medication itself can cause. As a result, it's important to rest and reduce sensory stimulation after an IVSM treatment.
Managing heartburn, acid reflux or digestive pain - IVSM can increase digestive acid production, resulting in discomfort. Taking Zantac or other antacid medications as directed by your physician will help control and reduce the effects of digestive acid.
Dealing with a horrible taste in the mouth - Use of IVSM can leave some patients with a metallic taste in their mouth. Drinking grape juice, sucking on mints or hard candies can help to reduce these tastes.
Coping with feelings of hunger - Healthy, potassium-rich foods can help a patient deal with the hunger pangs that are often caused by IVSM. Bananas, apricots, beets and beans can all reduce these feelings of hunger due to their high potassium content.
Getting to sleep - IVSM can cause insomnia. Find out if you can be prescribed insomnia medication, for example Zolpidem or Ambien for the short-term to help deal with this.
Living with mood-swings, depression or anxiety - Some of the more common side effects associated with IVSM are depression, anxiety and mood-swings. If you are experiencing any of these, first speak with your family and friends and get some support from them. Your doctor may also be able to prescribe some short-term anti-anxiety medication.
Coping with a weakened immune system - Because IVSM does weaken the immune system and puts your body under stress, you may be more susceptible to infection. If you start to suffer from a cough, cold or fever, talk to a physician.
In closing
IVSM is very much the lesser of two evils. Although it can help manage and treat various conditions, its side effects can be very challenging. When you understand how IVSM will affect you, you can take steps to minimize it’s impact on you and make it easier to deal with.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Common symptoms and treatment for whiplash (full sample)
Copy editing and proofreading of a short guide to understanding the symptoms and treatment of whiplash.
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It can be useful to understand exactly how my proofreading and editing services can help you. Below, you’ll find an article that I copy edited and proofread to give you an idea of how I can enhance your content. Please have a read, and if you like the content then please get in touch or get a quote.
About this content
Whiplash is a common injury, normally occurring in road traffic incidents. Understanding the symptoms and treatments of whiplash and whiplash-associated disorder can help the people affected by it to better deal with their condition. This article summarizes what whiplash is, and the most common symptoms and treatments.
Areas of expertise
Whiplash is an injury that occurs to a person's back, normally in the upper back/neck area, as a result of a sudden jolt that causes the head to move rapidly backward and then forward. The most common cause of whiplash incidents is as the result of a road traffic incident, especially those involving a collision where the car is hit from behind. It is estimated that whiplash injuries cost the US economy up to $30 billion a year due to sick leave, disability, lost work productivity, damages, medical costs, and litigation.
Whiplash can involve injury both to the bones of the spine and to the ligaments, muscles, and soft tissues around the spine and in the neck. Although whiplash can be an unpleasant and uncomfortable injury that requires rest and rehabilitation to recover from, it is not life-threatening.
Generally, symptoms from whiplash can be separated into two categories:
1. Symptoms from whiplash itself.
2. Symptoms from whiplash-associated disorder.
Symptoms from whiplash itself
Symptoms from whiplash include the following which generally occur within 24 hours of an incident that could cause whiplash (commonly an automobile accident) but they can take a week or more to arise:
Pain in the head, neck, shoulders, back, and spine.
Decreased range of motion of the head and neck.
Stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and arms.
Tenderness, especially in and around the neck.
Headaches, especially in the base of the skull, dizziness, and fatigue.
Jaw pain.
Arm pain and weakness.
Disturbances in eyesight and hearing including tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
Symptoms from whiplash-associated disorder
Whiplash-associated disorder can occur in patients who have had whiplash for an extended period. This disorder tends to manifest as neurological and psychological symptoms including:
Mild depression.
Mood swings.
Anger, frustration, and irritability.
Anxiety and stress.
Drug dependency (prescription or recreational).
Insomnia.
Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome.
Treatment for whiplash
There are several treatments for whiplash that vary in their effectiveness. Although it was originally believed that a soft cervical (neck) collar was the best way to treat whiplash by restricting head and neck movement, it is now generally thought that encouraging gentle movement and physical therapy of the neck and spine are more beneficial to a rapid recovery. These movements can include gentle rotational exercises and other education and movement as directed by a physical therapist or doctor.
These exercises help strengthen muscles to support the neck and spine. Painkillers, heat, and ice can also be used to help reduce discomfort and provide pain relief; additionally, ice will help control and reduce swelling.
Whiplash-associated disorder can be treated through counseling, therapy, antidepressants, or other medications.
In all cases, diagnosis and treatment of whiplash and its associated symptoms should be made by a medical professional. Whiplash is easily treatable via exercises and pain medication and quick diagnosis combined with an effective treatment plan can help you recover from your symptoms quickly.
Content originally written by Paul Maplesden, a freelance writer, and edited by me.
Medical and nursing wound care articles
Copy editing and proofreading of wound care articles, monographs, reports, abstracts, protocols, and studies for a telehealth company specializing in wound care.
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Copy editing and proofreading of wound care articles, monographs, reports, abstracts, protocols, and studies for a telehealth company specializing in wound care.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more
Notes on copy editing and proofreading this content
Worked closely with the two company directors to edit wound care content.
Helped them to launch a new nursing consulting website.
Worked on reports, online content, abstracts, protocols, and more.
Psychology and psychiatry graduate coursework
Copy editing and proofreading of coursework for an academic student over five years, focussing on psychology and psychiatry.
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Copy editing and proofreading of coursework for an academic student over five years, focussing on psychology and psychiatry.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more
Notes on copy editing and proofreading this content
Areas of expertise included psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, and critical analysis.
Provided complete copy editing, proofreading, and support for a non-native academic writer.
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Osteoporosis and bone health magazine
Copy editing and proofreading of news, articles, reference materials, and other content on osteoporosis and bone health for a magazine.
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Copy editing and proofreading of news, articles, reference materials, and other content on osteoporosis and bone health for a magazine.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more.
Notes on copy editing and proofreading this content
Copy edited news, articles, and research on osteoporosis.
Proofread PDFs for entire magazines.
I was the interim magazine proofreader for several editions.
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Ear, nose, and throat surgery peer-reviewed journal articles
Copy editing and proofreading of articles for a peer-reviewed journal on ear, nose, and throat surgery.
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Copy editing and proofreading of articles for a peer-reviewed journal on ear, nose, and throat surgery.
Approximate length of content edited
5,000 - 10,000 words.
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Copy editing and proofreading of articles covering the latest technology in otolaryngology (ear, nose, throat) surgery.
Articles were produced for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Included the rewriting of content from several non-native speakers to ensure a consistent and cohesive paper.
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Innovations in the space sector doctorate
Copy editing and proofreading of a doctoral thesis on innovation in the development of orbital satellites.
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Copy editing and proofreading of a doctoral thesis on innovation in the development of orbital satellites.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more.
Notes on copy editing and proofreading this content
Copy editing and proofreading of a Doctorate of Business Administration thesis.
Work was completed for someone working at a space agency.
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Cardiovascular and atherosclerosis research study
Copy editing and proofreading of a research study covering cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis lesions.
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Copy editing and proofreading of a research study covering cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis lesions.
Approximate length of content edited
5,000 - 10,000 words.
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Copy editing and proofreading of various research papers on cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis lesions in the presence of specific drugs.
This was a clinical research study of the effects of a new drug on plaque in patients with heart disease.
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Brain development in children training materials
Copy editing and proofreading of presentations and training modules on brain development in the young.
Information on various types of copy editing and proofreading projects.
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Copy editing and proofreading of presentations and training modules on brain development in the young.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more.
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Copy editing and proofreading of multiple training modules on child development and brain function.
Included advanced training on nutrition including studies, research, tests, and development in relation to food and nutrition.
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Drug study marketing reports
Copy editing and proofreading of presentations, slide decks, and reports on drug studies and trials.
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Copy editing and proofreading of presentations, slide decks, and reports on drug studies and trials.
Approximate length of content edited
10,000 words or more.
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Editing and proofreading of drug pre-launch studies for various countries.
Included checking for consistency across several slide decks.
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Drug trial clinical pamphlets
Copy editing and proofreading of easy-to-understand booklets on drug trials for young people and their families.
Information on various types of copy editing and proofreading projects.
Brief description
Copy editing and proofreading of easy-to-understand booklets on drug trials for young people and their families.
Approximate length of content edited
3,000 - 5,000 words.
Notes on copy editing and proofreading this content
Editing, proofreading, and simplifying of drug trial pamphlets for young patients and their families.
Localized content for UK and US audiences.